presumption

Pronunciation: /prɪˈzʌmpʃən/

noun

Difficulty: intermediate

Definition of presumption

An idea or belief accepted as true based on reasonable probability or prior evidence, often without definitive proof.

Origin of presumption

Language of origin: Latin

Root word: praesumptio

Original meaning: assumption, taking beforehand

How it evolved: Originally used to describe the act of taking something as true in advance, it later expanded to signify an overconfident or unwarranted belief.

Derived from Latin 'praesumptionem', meaning 'belief or assumption', the word evolved to signify an idea taken as true without full verification.

First known use: 14th century

How to Remember presumption

Think of 'presumption' as PRE+ASSUME: You assume something beforehand, often without complete proof.

Synonyms for presumption

Antonyms of presumption

  • certainty
  • reality
  • truth
  • fact
  • proof

presumption in a Sentence

  1. The lawyer's argument was founded on the presumption that the witness was telling the truth, though no concrete evidence supported this claim.
  2. Her presumption that everyone would agree with her proposal led to an unexpectedly heated debate during the meeting.
  3. In scientific research, presumption must be tempered with rigorous testing to ensure accuracy and reliability.

presumption in Literature & Culture

The concept of presumption is frequently explored in literature, such as in Jane Austen's novels, where characters often act on presumptions, leading to misunderstandings and dramatic tension.

Usage Notes

Presumption can carry a neutral or slightly negative connotation depending on context. It often implies a belief formed without full evidence, which may lead to overconfidence or error if unchecked.

Why presumption Matters for GRE & SAT

Presumption is frequently tested on the GRE as it relates to logical reasoning and argument analysis. Understanding subtle distinctions between presumption, assumption, and hypothesis is crucial for reading comprehension and analytical writing sections.

Word Family

presumptive (adjective)
Based on reasonable assumption or probability.
presume (verb)
To take for granted or accept as true without proof.
presumptuous (adjective)
Overstepping boundaries or acting with unwarranted confidence.

Did You Know?

  • In legal contexts, 'presumption of innocence' is a foundational principle meaning a person is considered innocent until proven guilty.
  • Presumption shares roots with 'presumptuous,' which implies overconfidence or arrogance, showing how meanings can shift over time.
  • The word appears in Shakespeare's works, often to describe bold or unwarranted actions based on assumptions.

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