IELTS Writing Task 2 — Problem-Solution Essay (Structure + Band 8 Sample)
Problem-solution prompts ask you to do two distinct jobs in 270–290 words: explain why something is happening, and propose realistic action. Most candidates handle one well and the other poorly. This guide shows you how to balance both.
How to Spot This Prompt
Look for phrasing such as "What problems does this cause and what solutions can you suggest?", "Why is this happening and how can it be addressed?", or "What are the causes of this issue and what measures can be taken?". If the prompt asks you to identify both the cause/problem AND propose action, it is a problem-solution essay.
Recommended 4-Paragraph Structure
Introduction (40–50 words): paraphrase prompt plus thesis signalling both problems and solutions. Body 1 (100–110 words): 1–2 problems with extended examples. Body 2 (100–110 words): corresponding solutions naming the actor and mechanism. Conclusion (30–40 words): restate the main problem and most effective solution.
Band 8 Sample on Urban Migration
"Mass urbanisation is reshaping every continent, with the United Nations projecting that two-thirds of the world's population will live in cities by 2050. While this shift can drive economic growth, it also creates serious housing and infrastructure pressures that, in my view, can only be addressed through coordinated planning by both national and city governments."
Common Pitfalls
Listing four problems and four solutions — two of each, well developed, beats four of each, under-developed. Vague solutions like "governments should do something" — name the actor and the mechanism. Solutions that don't match the problems raised in Body 1.
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